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59,80 €ISBN 978-3-8191-0766-5Softcover228 pages103 figures339 g21 x 14,8 cmEnglishThesis
July 2026
In preparation
Oliver Luderer
Real-Time Capable Hybrid Load Observer for Aircraft with Distributed Propulsion
This dissertation focuses on the improvement of an established model-based hybrid load observer to achieve precise real-time structural load monitoring. It is applied to novel aircraft configurations with aerodynamic interaction through distributed propulsion. In this regard, the integration of a propeller-wing interaction model into the load observer's flight-dynamics model enables the estimation of loads induced by the interaction between the propeller slipstream and the wing. The flight-dynamics model is approximated by a linear parameter-varying (LPV) system, which increases the observer's efficiency and makes it a viable option for real-time applications. The derived LPV system serves as a basis for two novel hybrid load observers: An LPV Luenberger observer with external disturbance model and an LPV extended Kalman filter with integrated disturbance model. The LPV observers' load and atmospheric disturbance estimation accuracies are demonstrated in simulated flight tests and wind-tunnel tests. It is shown that the LPV extended Kalman Filter is more effective for disturbance estimation and achieves load estimation results comparable to state-of-the-art methods, provided that the underlying flight-dynamics model represents the aircraft accurately. In the presence of model uncertainties, the effects of the underlying physical model errors are effectively reduced by the hybrid load observer’s correction model. The LPV hybrid load observer thus offers comparable load estimation accuracies with respect to state-of-the-art load observers. However, its physical component is less complex and real-time capable, which is confirmed in hardware-in-the-loop tests.
Keywords: Load Estimation; Linear Parameter-Varying System; Distributed Propulsion; Real-Time; Load Observer; Hybrid Observer; Wind-Tunnel Testing; Structural Load Monitoring
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Electronic publication (PDF): 978-3-8191-0803-7
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